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A practical guide to anisocoria

1 February 2018 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Anisocoria means the presence of difference in the size of the right and left pupils. It is a sign of an abnormality in the efferent pathway. The first question facing the ophthalmologist is to ascertain if anisocoria is present or...

Deciphering dark retinal patches

3 October 2024 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
We present a case of bilateral extensive dark without pressure (DWP) located outside the retinal vascular arcades in a young female. This retinal finding is benign but, in some instances, darkened retinal patches could be associated with potential sight-threatening conditions....

Non-organic visual loss

2 December 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Patients can present to eye departments with various signs and symptoms (mostly symptoms) with no obvious organic cause. These patients can be labelled with any of a wide range of diagnoses such as functional visual loss, functional overlay, psychosomatic reaction...

The past and the future for paediatric ophthalmology

1 June 2018 | | EYE - Paediatrics
The past 25 years have seen remarkable advances in clinical eye care for children in the UK. This has led to both improved outcomes and better patient and family experiences. There have been substantial changes to patient pathways, major advances...

In vivo confocal microscopy, principles and use in keratitis Part 1: Principles

1 April 2018 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Imaging
In 1968 Maurice introduced the concept of high powered specular microscopy, it was in that very year that the first scanning confocal microscope was proposed. Marvin Minsky developed the first confocal microscope in 1955 named the ‘double focusing scanning microscope’....

The role of virtual Rb-NET Multidisciplinary Team meetings in the management of children with retinoblastoma in low- and middle-income countries

6 April 2021 | | EYE - Pathology, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - General
A selection of participants in an MDT meeting with Uganda. In 2017 the LINKS Programme developed a new network of LINKS to support and coordinate action against retinoblastoma (Rb) in response to requests from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), called...

Ophthalmology elective in China

2 April 2025 | | EYE - General
Wandering through the bustling streets of Zhejiang, China, immersed in the harmonious blend of modernity and tradition, I made my way to the Eye Centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine. The aroma of traditional Chinese...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

1 August 2017 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Part 2: Clinical varieties, anatomical considerations and case report (see also Part 1 and Part 3) For ophthalmologists there are four types of pituitary tumour to be considered, three of which are named according to the hormone secreted, along with...

Addressing medical risk factors for diabetes and understanding the new systemic treatments

1 February 2014 |
As global diabetes figures continue to rise, the importance of reducing the burden of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes has never been so great. By 2025 it is estimated that five million people in the UK will have diabetes...

Thyroid eye disease

22 September 2021 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - General
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy

4 December 2024 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Presentation A 46-year-old Caucasian female was referred to the eye clinic by her local optician following a routine sight test. She was noted to have pigmentary retinal changes in both eyes but was asymptomatic with no visual complaints. At presentation...

VISION 2020 LINKS: Retinoblastoma 
in Africa

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The VISION 2020 LINKS Programme is part of the ‘VISION 2020: The Right to Sight’ global initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness [1]. The LINKS Programme works with overseas eye departments to help identify priorities and match their priority needs with...