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Tear film thickness after treatment with artificial tears in patients with moderate dry eye disease

In recent years artificial tear drops addressing tear film osmolarity have come onto the market. Increased tear evaporation and reduced tear volume results in tear hyperosmolarity. This triggers an inflammatory process leading to apoptosis of goblet and epithelial cells. Trehalose,...

Systemic anti-inflammatory versus fluocinolone acetonide intraocular implant

In the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) trial, 255 patients with intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis or panuveitis were randomised to either fluocinolone acetonide intraocular implant or systemic corticosteroid therapy which was supplemented with immunosuppression if required. Patients were followed up...

Lucentis for pseudophakic CMO

Pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (CMO) develops angiographically in up to 20-30% after uneventful phacoemulsification. This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with pseudophakic CMO after cataract surgery. Seven eyes were included in...

Cystoid macular oedema following retinal detachment surgery

There are limited studies examining the incidence and risk factors for postoperative cystoid macular oedema (CMO) following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Postoperative CMO is thought to be due to pro-inflammatory state, where numerous cytokines lead to tight junction dysfunction,...

Cost-effectiveness framework discussion for vision screening

The authors present a discussion paper on hypothetical, but representative, examples of post-referral costs that may result from different screening options up to the point of discharge from specific services. Data was taken from a recent (2019) systematic review (with...

Essentials of OCT in Ocular Disease

Sir Isaac Newton was the first to establish the technique of low coherence white light interferometry. Following on from this, the principle of laser interferometry as an imaging modality for retina was applied by David Huang and his associates in...

Warfarin Induced Suprachoroidal Haemorrhage Presenting as Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

Spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage is a rare but recognised entity. Anticoagulant therapy is a well known risk factor. We describe a case of warfarin induced suprachoroidal haemorrhage presenting as acute angle closure glaucoma in a patient with raised International Normalised Ratio...

Displacement of submacular haemorrhage – comparative study pneumatic displacement versus subretinal cocktail injection

The authors report a multicentre retrospective interventional case series study comparing the outcome of submacular haemorrhage (SMH) using pneumatic displacement with intravitreal expansile gas versus treatment with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) versus subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), anti-vascular...

Aug/Sep 2014 Quiz 1

History A 50-year-old female with a history of smoking, weight loss and cough presents to the ophthalmology clinic with a distorted pupil. Examination reveals a mass on the surface and within the iris (see Figure 1). The ophthalmologists decide to...

Cutting-edge practice in glaucoma care: what, how and why?

More effective treatments and drug delivery modalities, implantable minimally invasive glaucoma surgical (MIGS) devices, as well as accelerating clinical research programmes, will transform the surgical and clinical management of glaucoma in the near future. There is also an ever-greater emphasis...

A unique case of macular burn from ‘toy’ laser

The first laser was created in 1960 and its name is an acronym for ‘light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation’. Laser technology has been used for medical, industrial, research and entertainment purposes in a variety of fields following extensive...

Deciphering dark retinal patches

We present a case of bilateral extensive dark without pressure (DWP) located outside the retinal vascular arcades in a young female. This retinal finding is benign but, in some instances, darkened retinal patches could be associated with potential sight-threatening conditions....