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An ophthalmology elective in the South Pacific

2 June 2025 | | EYE - General
For the four weeks of September 2024, I was lucky enough to embark on an ophthalmology elective in the Kingdom of Tonga, a small island nation in the South Pacific Ocean. The Tongan people are incredibly friendly and upbeat, and...

Beyond vision loss: Why doctors should know about Charles Bonnet Syndrome

19 January 2026 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Over 250 years have passed since Charles Bonnet’s seminal essay, in which he described the symptoms of the syndrome that now takes his name [1]. Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) describes the occurrence of visual hallucinations in people with significant visual...

Women-led, solar powered eye centres to treat 1 million people at risk of avoidable blindness in India

22 April 2022
One million people at risk of avoidable blindness in West Bengal, India, now have access to eye care thanks to the opening of nine environmentally friendly Green Vision Centres, five of which are led by women.

“I can see fine. Why do I need my eyes tested?”

2 December 2019 | | EYE - General
Are routine eye examinations really necessary? The author asks whether frequent appointments in low-risk patients with normal results are actually cost-effective. It’s recommended that most people should get their eyes tested every two years.” [1] This message is widely publicised...

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (part 2): primary angle closure

1 December 2016 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging
Patients with primary angle closure or primary angle closure glaucoma [PAC(G)] comprise a significant subgroup affecting around 10% of glaucoma patients amongst Caucasians. Assessment of the patient with angle closure, or narrow angles, requires gonioscopy. However, whilst identifying the presence...

Caring for adults with an ocular tumour

1 December 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Detection If you screen for an intraocular tumour, dilate the pupil. If the patient is driving, use phenylephrine only. If the patient declines, document this in the casenotes. Don’t forget to look for sentinel vessels, which would indicate a ciliary...

A patient report of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, angioid streaks and choroidal neovascularisation

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Angioid streaks (AS) on their own do not cause many problems, with the majority of patients remaining asymptomatic [1]. However, once choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) occurs, the visual prognosis of the patient rapidly declines [2]. Treatment is imperative to try and...

Capacity-strengthening for diabetic retinopathy services in low- and middle-income countries

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction DR-NET eye health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have, since 2015, been able to access training in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading provided by Gloucestershire Retinal Education Group (GREG). GREG, led by Professor Peter Scanlon and based at...

In vivo confocal microscopy, principles and use in keratitis Part 1: Principles

1 April 2018 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Imaging
In 1968 Maurice introduced the concept of high powered specular microscopy, it was in that very year that the first scanning confocal microscope was proposed. Marvin Minsky developed the first confocal microscope in 1955 named the ‘double focusing scanning microscope’....

A day in the life of...an ophthalmic imager / an orthoptic assistant

1 February 2014 |
The ophthalmic imager My role as an ophthalmic / medical photographer has evolved, dramatically, since I began my career at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, 30 years ago. Long gone are the days of developing and hand printing fluorescein angiograms in...

Lothian Optometry Teach and Treat Clinic

1 December 2013 |
The Lothian Optometry Teach and Treat (LOTT) Clinic is a supervised training clinic for community optometrists with an interest in managing patients with acute eye pathology, normally managed in the hospital setting. LOTT, which is the first clinic of its...

Pathway innovations to address cataract services post-COVID-19

1 June 2022 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
Background The demand for cataract services prior to the COVID-19 pandemic was already recognised to be high and growing - in the face of an ageing population and reduced surgical thresholds. When added to the growth in demand for ophthalmic...