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Progress in Retinal and Eye Research journal cover image.

What is paracentral acute middle maculopathy?

3 June 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal | PAMM, Paracentral acute middle maculopathy, Retinal capillary plexus, Retinal ischemic cascade, Retinal vascular occlusion, Retinal vasculature
This is a review article characterising a clinical entity called paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). The article highlights the fact that retinal capillary plexuses are organised predominantly into three trilaminar capillary layers occupying the area between the nerve fibre layer...
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus cover image.

Ocular damage from laser pointers

4 December 2023 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
This retrospective study of case notes from a tertiary eye centre over a five-year period, recruited nine children (12 eyes: eight boys) aged 9-15 years. Three presented with deteriorating vision whilst others had retinal changes noted as incidental findings at...
Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology front cover image.

Single case report of horizontal gaze paresis due to medial pontine haemorrhage

9 August 2023 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
The authors report a single case (80-year-old female) of bilateral horizontal conjugate gaze palsy due to a dorsal median pontine haemorrhage. The patient presented with skew deviation, bilateral horizontal conjugate gaze palsy, vertical gaze palsy, ipsilateral lower motor neuron facial...
Neuro-ophthalmology front cover image.

Longitudinal findings in children with neurofibromatosis type 1

3 September 2024 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
This retrospective chart review evaluates the ophthalmologic findings of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are the most common tumours found in children with NF1. Findings are compared between eyes with and without optic pathway gliomas...
Current Eye Research journal cover image.

Impact of solar eclipses on vision

4 December 2024 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Solar retinopathy occurs as a result of mechanical and photochemical damage to the retina caused by exposure to excessive light. The authors presented the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography findings of five patients who looked at the solar eclipse...

Moorfields Hot topics in comprehensive ophthalmology

6 March 2026
Moorfields Education Hot topics in comprehensive ophthalmology

What not to miss in neuro-ophthalmology Part 1

1 April 2018 | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology is a complex and difficult subspecialty in ophthalmology. It has several connections to neurology, neuro-surgery, rheumatology as well as many other medical specialties. Working in an multidisciplinary team (MDT) environment is key to success in this subspecialty as mistakes...

Management of DMO and PDR in 2019

10 October 2019 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
An evidence-based approach to the management of diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 2019 was outlined by Sobha Sivaprasad, UK, in presentations during the Diabetic Retina scientific session September 6 2019, at the 19th European Society...

Strange Sequelae Succeeding ‘Surfer’s Eye’

1 February 2014 |
Ophthalmologists in the UK are relatively infrequently faced with a patient requesting surgery for a pterygium. This condition is more common where ultraviolet exposure is greater, especially if coupled with activities associated with ocular surface irritation. For this reason, a...

Unexpected diagnoses – stroke in children and homonymous hemianopia

1 February 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
We present the case of a 12-year-old child presenting with a few days history of left-sided visual loss. Upon further investigation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) she was unexpectedly diagnosed with a right-sided chronic posterior cerebral arterial territory infarct, causing...

Jun/Jul 2017 Quiz

1 June 2017 | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
History A 57-year-old female patient presented with gradual painless diplopia over the last six months. Examination revealed restricted upward eye movements and 4mm proptosis which did not increase with Valsalva manoeuvre. Intraocular pressure was normal, no visual defects were noted,...

High score

4 August 2025 | | EYE - General
Louie: “Allow me to present Pac-Man. Now, who is going to be the lucky pup who gets to play the first game? Iggy! You’re a somewhat compulsive personality. Step forward. Now… you see there’s the maze.” Iggy: “Uh-huh” Louie: “All...