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A comparison of light sources in retinal imaging

Before starting to talk about the light sources present in retinal imaging, it is necessary to start from the base: the light. Light is an electromagnetic wave whose smallest part is the photon (or quantum of light). A high frequency...

Third nerve palsy following cataract surgery with sub-Tenon’s anaesthesia

Figure 1: Photograph showing partial ptosis of the right eye two months after surgery (photo by R McLeod). An 83-year-old lady had routine right eye cataract surgery under uncomplicated sub-Tenon’s anaesthesia. She presented two weeks later, explaining that following the...

Stereotactic radiotherapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a variant of neovascular AMD. It is a disease of choroidal vasculature characterised by abnormal branching vascular network with aneurysmal dilatations (polyps). Features of PCV include pigment epithelial detachments (PED), subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulation and...

Everyone has a plan, until their hand goes numb…

Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the UK [1]. With financially strained NHS trusts and the rise of independent sector cataract providers, the drive from initiatives like Get It Right First Time (GIRFT) and market pressures...

A tarso-conjunctival flap for paralytic ectropion

This is a review of 110 patients with paralytic ectropion who underwent a lateral tarso-conjunctival flap procedure. The technique involves fashioning a 4-8mm wide lateral tarso-conjunctival flap in a similar way to a lateral Hughes flap. This is then sutured...

Impact of surgery for intermittent exotropia on the health-related quality of life of the child and parent

The authors present the analysis of the Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire (IXTQ) completed by children and a parent in a previously reported randomised controlled trial comparing two surgical procedures. Children aged >5 years completed the Child IXTQ, and all parents completed...

Coming to terms with AI

A machine might be called intelligent if its response to questions could convince a person that it was human, a test proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 [1]. The author considers potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) using machine learning...

Using frequency doubling technology perimetry to identify Alzheimer’s disease early

Alzheimer’s disease is widely reported to be associated with deficits in visual function. Visual disturbances include impaired stereopsis, contrast sensitivity and motion detection. Deficits specific to the magnocellular pathway (MGC) have been identified in Alzheimer’s disease. This article compares the...

Outcomes of early versus late surgery for infantile esotropia

The authors aimed to provide a better understanding of the clinical spectrum of infantile esotropia by comparing motor and sensory results in the long-term follow-up of patients who underwent surgery. This was a retrospective review over a 17-year period. There...

Effectiveness of supramaximal horizontal surgery for third nerve palsy

The purpose of this study was to present the outcomes and progress of third nerve palsy cases after supra-maximal recession / resection. The aim is for an initial overcorrection of 15-25PD at day one. This was a retrospective study of...

Clinical features of basic acquired nonaccommodative esotropia requiring surgery

Basic acquired nonaccommodative esotropia (BANAET) is a concomitant esotropia occurring after the age of six months without significant refractive error or accommodative element. Esotropia is similar for both near and distance and children have prior binocular single vision. The purpose...

Efficacy of BT as a treatment for cranial nerve palsy in acute and chronic cases

The authors performed a meta-analysis of all patients’ treatment with botulinum toxin (BT) for cranial nerve palsy (CNP) to determine the efficacy of BT in the treatment of CNP due to a variety of causes. The search identified 1129 articles...