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Visual snow syndrome: a review

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a neurological condition characterised by visual phenomena described as dots moving across the visual field. Other visual symptoms can take the form of palinopsia, entopic phenomena, photophobia and nyctalopia. Tinnitus and migraine can be commonly...

Burden of caregiving for children with eye diseases

This review was conducted to examine the existent literature and characterise the psychological impact of caregiving for children with various eye diseases. The factors associated with the burden of caregiving were discussed in the context of each eye disease identified....

Retrobulbar amphotericin B for rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare and often fatal infection usually occurring in immunocompromised patients from diseases such as diabetes, haematological malignancy and solid organ transplantation. Current standards of care include systemic antifungal therapy and debridement, including exenteration. This study...

Characteristics of neuro-ophthalmic visual disturbances post-cataract surgery

The authors present a retrospective case review of adult patients seen by neuro-ophthalmology over a nine-year period. The aim of the study was to identify the cause of neuro-ophthalmic referrals within six months of cataract surgery. Individuals already known to...

Orbital fat density as a diagnostic tool in pre-septal and orbital cellulitis

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of orbital fat density in identifying post-septal involvement when initial differential diagnosis between orbital (OC) and periorbital (POC) cellulitis is unclear. This was a retrospective study of 57 patients with clinical diagnosis of...

Effects of orbital decompression on duction, cyclotorsion and diplopia

This is a retrospective review of 156 patients (281 eyes / orbits) with Graves Orbitopathy (GO) who had orbital decompression (OD) between 2016 and 2020 from Amsterdam, Netherlands. Data analysis of type of OD, eye position, duction, cyclotorsion and level...

BT vs primary surgery for infantile esotropia

In this study, the success rate of treatment for infantile esotropia (IET) patients who had surgery because of under correction after botulinum toxin (BT) is compared to those having primary surgery. The study included 52 patients (27 male) with mean...

Barriers to diagnosis and management of VKC

The authors investigate the lived experience of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) diagnosis and treatment in US patients, reported by their carers and eyecare clinicians, and to identify barriers to the timely diagnosis and management of this condition. The study included seven...

Adjunct amniotic membrane during enucleation for retinoblastoma to prevent implant exposure

Amniotic membrane (AM) has potential for treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) patients with contracted sockets after enucleation. The authors present their experience of AM with enucleation for patients with RB after chemotherapy in this retrospective study of 100 eyes of 107...

Bardet Biedl refractive error

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 45 patients with genetically diagnosed Bardet Biedl syndrome. Patients with biallelic defects in any gene known to cause Bardet Biedl syndrome were eligible for inclusion. Patients underwent cycloplegic refraction and keratometry. The mean...

Avoiding prominent facial features during perimetry

The authors present a case series including six healthy participants prospectively recruited. All participants had no ocular pathology. The assessment included identification of their dominant eye for use in testing. A 60-4 SITA standard visual field assessment was completed in...