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Vitreomacular traction: natural course vs. vitrectomy vs. ocriplasmin
Over time, the vitreous gel completely separates from the retina in a process known as a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). In some instances, however, the vitreous does not detach entirely and remains adherent to the macula. The term vitreomacular traction...
Effects of phacoemulsification on IOP and drug use in glaucoma
For patients with comorbid cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), guidance is lacking as to whether cataract extraction and traditional filtering surgery should be performed as a staged or combined procedure. Achieving this guidance requires an evidence-based understanding of the...How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests
Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...A revolution in modern genetic testing for the clinical management of ocular disease
Recent years have seen a huge increase in our understanding of the genetic factors underlying a wide variety of eye diseases. This has included common conditions such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, as well as those conditions which have...
OCT choroidal signs for congenital retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) on ocular coherence tomography (OCT) has the characteristic sign of RPE thickening and hyper reflectivity. However, the underlying choroid characteristics remain under researched. This retrospective study utilised data from an ophthalmic oncology...
Motor vehicle accident-related eye trauma trends in the United States
The authors present a large retrospective epidemiological study analysing motor vehicle accident-associated eye injuries presenting to US emergency departments between 2000 and 2020. Using a national injury surveillance database (NEISS-AIP), they examined incidence trends, patient demographics and injury patterns over...Ophthalmology assessment using Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
Bloom’s Taxonomy is a hierarchical list of attributes and skills that facilitates teachers to effectively teach, whilst concurrently enabling learners to effectively learn. It was first developed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, an educational psychologist along with a team of...
Macular pigment and dark adaptation in older population with normal maculas
Macular pigment (MP) such as lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin are highly concentrated in the fovea. They protect the retina from damage of ambient blue light via antioxidant properties. In older eyes with normal healthy retina, macular pigment optical density (MPOD)...
Macular hole postop positioning
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the full thickness macular hole (FTMH) closure rate with nonsupine positioning (NSP) is noninferior to the high closure rate achievable with face down positioning (FDP). All patients were pseudophakic pre macular...
Revision of orbital fracture repairs
This is a retrospective review of 13 patients with sub-optimal outcomes following primary orbital fracture repairs who underwent revision surgery. All had fractures of the orbital floor, with four involving other orbital walls, and six also involving other facial bones....
Superior oblique muscle tuck
The authors investigate the efficacy and safety of isolated superior oblique tucking in patients with congenital superior oblique palsy. The study includes 21 cases: eight females and 13 males aged 2-34 years. All had obvious superior oblique under action and...
