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Detecting glaucoma with only OCT

In this review article, the authors describe a probability model based upon only OCT to detect glaucoma. They explain how normal anatomical variation can lead to false positives and applying a model to account for this improves specificity. The application...

Superior oblique sagittalisation

This paper reports two cases with anomalous posterior course of the superior oblique tendon with insertion nasal to the superior rectus tendon. Both presented with Brown syndrome-like clinical scenarios. The cases were a five-year-old female and four-year-old male. Diagnosis was...

Incidence and clinical characteristics of paediatric keratitis

This is a retrospective, population-based study of a 10-year period from Mayo Clinic, USA between January 2000 and December 2009 of patients <19 years diagnosed with keratitis. Two-hundred and eight-five children were identified. An incidence of 78 per 100,000 and...

All you need to know about PIC

This is a review article of punctate inner chorioretinopathy (PIC). The authors detail the epidemiology and clinic presentation of the disease. They recognise the challenge of an accurate diagnosis due to its resemblance to other posterior uveitic entities. Multimodal imaging...

Spot diagnosis? The white dot syndromes

This review article provides an up-to-date summary of white spot syndromes. The authors explain that the white spot syndromes form a group of inflammatory retinal disorders with distinct lesion distribution and progression patterns. Multimodal imaging has revealed unique phenotypes, enhancing...

Changing surgery trends from 2009–2020

This paper reports a review of the number and type of surgeries over one decade in a Portuguese hospital. This was a retrospective review of 2050 surgeries. About 70% were strabismus surgery and the remainder included anterior segment and retinopathy...

Under pressure: the constant drive to improve IOP monitoring

The authors offer a comprehensive overview of interplay between glaucoma and intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP measurement principles and historical measurement techniques and progress in IOP measurement devices. The authors explore the issues surrounding current thinking in IOP measurement and its...

Ground control to optic nerve – the space oddity to be studied

The authors explore the clinical entity that is known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). Its clinical characteristics include optic disc oedema, hyperopic refractive shifts, globe flattening, and chorioretinal folds, may pose a health risk for future space exploration. Understanding...

The role of injection assistant devices in establishing a nurse-led AMD service

The author shares his experience of setting up a nurse-led service to deliver anti-VEGF intravitreal injections and how injection assistant devices supported training. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has become a leading cause of irreversible blindness [1]. It is estimated that...

SOS (Simplified Ophthalmic Statistics) Part 4: How to present your statistical analysis

This is the last in this series of short guides which we hope provide some guidance in relation to statistical issues researchers may encounter when conducting research, audit or indeed quality improvement projects. Here we focus on an issue that...

Leadership and management in optometry: why is it important?

The General Medical Council recognises that leadership and management is essential for every doctor, and provides guidance detailing management and leadership responsibilities [1]. Indeed, management and leadership is part of the core training for all medical trainees. However, to date,...

Upper eyelid ulceration as a presenting sign of frontal sinus mucocele

Introduction A sinus mucocele is an epithelium-lined sac filled with mucus and desquamated epithelium. It forms secondary to inflammatory processes that occur in a sinus with an obstructed ostium. Predisposing conditions include previous trauma, surgery, tumours, anatomical abnormalities, and chronic...