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Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Treatment of diabetic macular edema in vitrectomised eyes – comparison of intravitreal dexamethasone implant and posterior subtenon triamcinolone injection

3 April 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal | Dexamethasone implant, Diabetic macular edema, Pars plana vitrectomy, Posterior subtenon triamcinolone
This retrospective study was aimed to compare intravitreal dexamethasone implant and posterior subtenon triamcinolone injection (PSTA) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in vitrectomised eyes. Sixty-four (48.12%) patients who had received PSTA and 69 (51.88%) patients who had...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Characteristics of bilateral retinal detachment

4 December 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal | Anatomic success rate, Bilateral retinal detachment, Buckle surgery, Fellow eye, Retinal symmetry, Vitrectomy
This was a retrospective study based at a tertiary centre which analysed the specific characteristics of bilateral Rhegmatogeous detachment, taken from the review notes of 300 patients (600 eyes) who had bilateral retinal detachment (RD) surgery between January 2005 and...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Submacular haemorrhage associated with nAMD: A meta-analysis and meta-regression on use of tPA and anti-VEGFs

1 November 2024 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of tPA and anti-VEGF in the treatment of submacular haemorrhage (SMH) associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). A systematic review meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image

Update: Non-infectious retinal vasculitis

2 December 2024 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This review article summarises the update on non-infectious retinal vasculitis (RV). It is primarily classified based on the type of retinal vessels involved and further sub-classified as occlusive or nonocclusive. Clinically it can occur as an isolated ocular entity or...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Anti-VEGF agents treatment outcomes in macular telangiectasia

2 October 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This article is a review of a systematic literature search on Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library, from inception to June 2024 for comparative studies on anti-VEGF agents in macular telangiectasia (MacTel). The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected...

The assessment of pupils and 
pupillary reactions

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling...

Macular holes: A brief review

1 August 2017 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The classification of macular holes has been modernised by OCT findings. This is a brief review and encompasses the historical literature on macular holes. A macular hole is an anatomical discontinuation of the neurosensory retina at the centre of the...

Simulated ocular surgery

1 June 2015 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Orbit
See also Simulated ocular surgery - strabismus surgery and Simulated ocular surgery: pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling surgery This is the first of a series of articles that will have three aims. Firstly, to demonstrate why simulated ocular surgery...

Advances and developments in medical retina

1 February 2019 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The author provides an update on late breaking clinical trial results in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and presentations on diabetes management from the American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina Subspecialty Day, held during the Academy’s annual meeting in Chicago, October...

Considerations in the management of retinal disorders

1 October 2017 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Vision research presentations and publications explore practice considerations in the management of AMD and diabetic retinopathy. Over the past two decades in Europe there has been a decreasing prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and an improvement in visual acuity...

The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of DMO

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a major cause of visual loss in diabetes, with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. In the UK alone it is estimated that there are nearly 2.5 million diabetic patients aged over 12 years. Approximately 65,000 of...

Sexually transmitted conjunctivitis – the REALLY sticky eye

5 October 2020 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
Let’s face it, patients with conjunctivitis don’t always produce the most stimulating consultations and most of the time we can manage them in auto-pilot. The prospect of delving into such a patient’s sexual history is not overly appealing, but this...