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Beyond vision loss: Why doctors should know about Charles Bonnet Syndrome

Over 250 years have passed since Charles Bonnet’s seminal essay, in which he described the symptoms of the syndrome that now takes his name [1]. Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) describes the occurrence of visual hallucinations in people with significant visual...

Assessment and management of dry eye disease

This paper is an update on the assessment and management of dry eye disease (DED). According to the second International Dry Eye Workshop 2017, “Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterised by a loss of homoeostasis...

The results of the last survey Aug21

We are often referred patients noted to have an optic disc haemorrhage (ODH) without any other features of pathology. How we manage these patients can have a significant impact on our struggling capacity. The significance in glaucoma and, in particular,...

Oct/Nov 2017 Quiz

History A 73-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing left lower eyelid lump with recent bleeding. On examination there was a raised, ulcerated, firm mass occupying two thirds of his lower eyelid. The lesion bled easily and appeared connected to...

Aug/Sep 2015 Quiz 2

History A two-year-old female child presented with loss of vision in her left eye. Examination showed leukocoria and intraocular calcification was identified on scanning. The suspected diagnosis was intraocular retinoblastoma and the child underwent an enucleation. The eyeball was submitted...

Feb/Mar 2014 Quiz 2

History A 65-year-old lady presented with a ten year history of nonspecific visual disturbance and mild symptoms of dry eyes. Questioning revealed progressive nyctalopia. Previous medical history of note included Crohn’s disease requiring two bowel resections including small intestine. Figure...

Dec/Jan 2019 Quiz

History A 72-year-old male presented to his GP with a large ulcerated lesion on his right lower eyelid present for six months and enlarging in size. He had an urgent referral to a tertiary centre for specialised examination. The lesion...

A practical guide to anisocoria

Anisocoria means the presence of difference in the size of the right and left pupils. It is a sign of an abnormality in the efferent pathway. The first question facing the ophthalmologist is to ascertain if anisocoria is present or...

An unusual case of silicone oil in the anterior chamber simulating intraocular implant

Silicone oil internal tamponade has been used for over 50 years, even prior to pars plana vitrectomy [1].Over a course of time silicone oil may migrate to the anterior chamber through the pupil. This may disperse in the form of...

Ocular Dirofilariasis: a diagnosis on the rise?

Dirofilaria repens is one of 40 species of Dirofilaria. It is a zoonotic filarial nematode that commonly impacts dogs, however, human infection can occur through affected organs like skin, lung and eyes [1]. Although, there have been case reports of...

Blurred vision post liver transplant: to blame the house cat or not?

This article outlines a case of atypical ocular toxoplasmosis associated with immunosuppression. There were two potential sources of infection in this patient and we describe how we concluded which was the most likely. Case report A 33-year-old female was referred...

A rare neonatal presentation of bilateral dacryocele and choanal atresia

Following a routine pregnancy, a newly delivered baby boy, born at term, was found to have increased work of breathing, stridor and a left medial canthal swelling. The baby required 100% oxygen via a face mask to maintain oxygen saturations....