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Upper eyelid ulceration as a presenting sign of frontal sinus mucocele

3 October 2022 | | EYE - General
Introduction A sinus mucocele is an epithelium-lined sac filled with mucus and desquamated epithelium. It forms secondary to inflammatory processes that occur in a sinus with an obstructed ostium. Predisposing conditions include previous trauma, surgery, tumours, anatomical abnormalities, and chronic...

Neurofibromatosis with multiple bilateral choroidal nevi and literature review

14 November 2024 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The aim is to present a case of neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, who presented with bilateral multiple choroidal nodular nevi following chemotherapy and mastectomy for breast cancer. Neurofibromatosis type-1 presents as a wide range of...

Progressive myelination of the retinal nerve fibre layer: Acquired or incidental?

4 August 2025 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Paediatrics
*Co-first authors.Myelinated retinal nerve fibres are retinal nerve fibres encased by a myelin sheath, located anterior to the lamina cribrosa [1]. First described by Virchow in 1856, a myelinated retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) appears as a whitish, feathery patch...

Development of paediatric ophthalmology services in Malawi: the VISION 2020 LINK between Blantyre and Glasgow

5 August 2020 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
A VISION 2020 LINK was established in 2005 between the Lions Sight First Eye Hospital (LSFEH) in Blantyre, Malawi (part of the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital) with Glasgow’s Royal Hospital for Children to help to develop a paediatric ophthalmic service...

Capacity-strengthening for diabetic retinopathy services in low- and middle-income countries

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction DR-NET eye health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have, since 2015, been able to access training in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading provided by Gloucestershire Retinal Education Group (GREG). GREG, led by Professor Peter Scanlon and based at...

Embryology in clinical practice

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The fascinating world of embryology is both beautiful and practical. It is a home video of our evolutionary history through the ages from the single cell through to the life aquatic, the development of gut, limbs and brain, and most...

Broadening horizons in ophthalmology: crafting a varied elective experience

24 January 2024 | | EYE - General
The elective period for medical students is a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in a field of interest. For students interested in ophthalmology, this can offer a dedicated experience for what can otherwise be quite limited through undergraduate rotations. Alongside...

In vivo confocal microscopy, principles and use in keratitis Part 1: Principles

1 April 2018 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Imaging
In 1968 Maurice introduced the concept of high powered specular microscopy, it was in that very year that the first scanning confocal microscope was proposed. Marvin Minsky developed the first confocal microscope in 1955 named the ‘double focusing scanning microscope’....

Specialty-driven EMR for paperless clinical environment – insights for an informed choice

1 August 2016 | | EYE - General
Deployment of specialty-driven (or specialty-specific) electronic medical record (EMR) systems across UK ophthalmology units appears to be growing rapidly at the expense of generic, multiuse digital technology packages. Experience further suggests that open source systems can play a significant role...

Preoperative povidone iodine: weighing the risks

1 October 2019 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Following on from our recent online survey, the authors examine the potential risks and benefits of diluting the concentration preoperative povidone iodine. Povidone iodine (PI) is an iodophore that has an established use as a broad-spectrum antiseptic, mainly for the...

Ophthalmic learning through the lens of cognitivism and constructivism

9 October 2020 | | EYE - General
Learning in ophthalmology is multi-faceted, from understanding the fundamentals of eye anatomy and physiology to higher order skills such as performing cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. Having a strong foundation in the basics is a necessity for higher order knowledge synthesis,...

Dr William Mackenzie: a founding figure of modern ophthalmology

1 February 2022 | | EYE - General
The author looks at the career of William Mackenzie and the important role he played in establishing the status of ophthalmology as a recognised medical speciality. There are certain individuals who, blessed with ability and means, are destined to leave...