Latest Contribution


Shafi Balal on predicting keratoconus progression

In this interview, section editors Nima Ghadiri and Arun James Thirunavukarasu ask Ophthalmic Surgeon and NIHR Doctoral Fellow Shafi Balal about the development of his AI model for predicting keratoconus progression risk, with the longer-term objective of using AI on...


Exploiting nature’s randomised trials of eye disease

Confounding and reverse causation in observational ophthalmic epidemiology Traditional observational studies are inherently limited in establishing a causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. One fundamental limitation is confounding, whereby causation is incorrectly attributed to a third...