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Beyond 2020: An educational video series from the Amazonian rainforest

It has been estimated that one billion people globally live with visual impairment. Moreover, countries in the developing world are disproportionately affected, with four times more low vision than compared to countries with well-established systems of primary, secondary and tertiary...

Rectus muscle flap tear

The clinical findings, role of imaging, surgical techniques and results are described for three patients who presented with flap tears of the inferior or medial rectus muscles. Two were due to trauma (inferior rectus) and one due to surgery (medial...

Exotropic Moebius syndrome

Three patients are described with pattern C Moebius syndrome and report the technique and outcomes of surgery for two patients. The three cases included a three and a 13-year-old requiring surgery and a 10-year-old. All patients had absent horizontal gaze...

SS-MIOCT for suture depth

The authors describe a case in which swept-source microscope-integrated OCT (SS-MIOCT) was used to directly visualise and evaluate key suturing-related steps of strabismus surgery in real time. Using SS-MIOCT, the surgeons could visualise the precise depth of the needle through...

Medial rectus surgery with development delay

The long-term results of bilateral medial rectus surgery are evaluated in 42 children with development delay. Mean age pre-surgery was 2.9 years with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. Mean angle of esotropia was 44.29±13.9PD; 57% achieved surgical success; 31%...

Single muscle surgery for hypertropia

The authors undertook partial tenotomies combined with graded marginal recession of single vertical rectus muscles to treat small angle hypertropia in four adults with fusion potential. They report dose response, surgical technique and outcomes. Dose response closely matched the theoretical...

Perception of depth in 3-D media

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical measures of stereoacuity and the perception of depth in 3-D entertainment media. Fifty-seven subjects aged 16-62 years with stereopsis and no strabismus were assessed. Monocular blur was used...

Stimulus type vs. convergence measures

The aim of this study was to investigate if near point of convergence (NPC) would improve when a fixation target with centrally placed 3-D features (to increase binocular disparity stimulus) was used in comparison to a target using only centrally...

Characteristics of ptosis in Iranian children

A cross-section study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ptosis (congenital and acquired) and its risk factors in Iranian children. The target population was children aged seven years in urban areas of Iran. Seventy schools of eight cities were...

Localising the cause of bloody tears

The authors present two cases of ‘idiopathic’ bloody tearing. The paper presents the potential causes of bloody tearing, highlighting the difficulty that can be encountered in diagnosing and managing these patients. The authors use punctal plugs in these cases which...

An unusual presentation of dysthyroid orbitopathy

The authors present a case of a 50-year-old male smoker who presented with bilateral gaze evoked amaurosis (GEA), i.e. the patient was aware of loss of vision in all gaze positions other than the primary position. The patient was being...

Bisphosphonates can cause orbital inflammation

The authors describe four patients with bisphosphonate induced orbital inflammation and review a further 25 cases in the literature. Intravenous zoledronate was the most common precipitant (76% of cases) with the mean time until onset of inflammation being three days...