Researchers identify a novel genetic cause of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, offering new ways for future therapies to target this common, age-related cause of visual loss.
In a landmark study, researchers supported by NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, have identified rare variants in the MIR184 gene as a genetic cause of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), an eye disease that causes progressive vision loss by damaging the cornea. This discovery could be an important step for patients with FECD, revealing shared molecular pathways that offer new potential targets for treatment, regardless of their genetic background.
FECD is a debilitating condition that affects the inner layer of the cornea, often leading to irreversible vision impairment. While the majority of FECD cases are associated with mutations in the TCF4 gene, a significant subset of patients often referred to as the ‘genetically unsolved cohort’ do not carry this mutation, leaving their genetic cause unclear.
This latest research, however, has revealed a new genetic cause, MIR184, a small but essential gene that encodes a microRNA responsible for regulating gene expression across various tissues, including the corneal endothelium.
Professor Alice Davidson, research fellow at Moorfields Eye Hospital who led the research at UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, said: "Identifying that mutations in MIR184 can cause FECD is a groundbreaking step forward. This discovery has deepened our understanding of mechanisms underlying this common age-related cause of visual loss and highlighted common molecular pathways that are disrupted in FECD. In future, by targeting these pathways, we may be able to develop therapies that are effective across wide patient populations, regardless of the specific genetic mutation an individual carries."
Researchers applied an advanced computational framework called CoCoRV to analyse Moorfields Eye Hospital data in the study. This innovative approach, combined with cutting-edge RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and in silico modelling, enabled the identification of rare genetic variants in MIR184 that had previously gone undetected. The team’s analysis revealed two specific variants, n.58G>A and n.73G>T, in unrelated FECD patients, all of whom lacked the TCF4 mutation. The study suggests that despite the genetic diversity in FECD, the disease may stem from a common underlying biological disruption, providing a unique opportunity for more targeted, gene therapies.
By uncovering the role of MIR184 mutations and identifying shared disease mechanisms, the research provides a comprehensive view of the genetic and molecular landscape of the disease. In the future, the focus on common pathways of dysregulation could lead to novel treatments that target the disease more effectively, improving outcomes for a diverse group of FECD patients.
The discovery of MIR184 as a genetic driver of FECD is testament to the power of advanced genetic and computational tools to uncover hidden causes of disease. As the field continues to evolve, this breakthrough may ultimately change the way FECD is diagnosed and treated, offering hope for better therapies and a better future for those affected by this debilitating condition.
