In this article the authors review the ocular side-effects of Fingolimod which is an oral immunomodulating drug used in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Fingolimod-associated macular oedema (FAME) is the most common ocular side-effect linked to this drug....
This is a retrospective study of 106 patients between March 2011 and June 2018, of 37 IgM +group and 69 IgM - group of patients. The clinical features, demographics of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) were studied according to the...
This repeated cross-sectional study collected data in 2003-2004 and 2014-2015 to investigate changes in ocular features in Marfan syndrome (MFS) fulfilling the Ghent-2 criteria. Ghent-2 is a set of criteria by which MFS are identified and includes aortic root aneurysm...
In this retrospective study the authors aimed to characterise the incidence rates of visual loss and ocular complications associated with retinal vasculitis (RV – annual incidence of 1-2/ 100000/ per annum). A secondary objective was to compare the visual outcomes...
Sir Isaac Newton was the first to establish the technique of low coherence white light interferometry. Following on from this, the principle of laser interferometry as an imaging modality for retina was applied by David Huang and his associates in...
The authors present eight cases of ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) with an overview of the pathophysiology, aetiology, clinical presentations and possible treatments. Diagnosis was made only after thorough and repeated orthoptic examinations and review of medication history. An overview of the...
This systemic review and meta-analysis investigated the incidence and type of ocular injuries reported in adult critical care from both prone and supine patients between January 1990 and July 2020. They reviewed 11 randomised controlled trials. In three trials, 28...
Dirofilaria repens is one of 40 species of Dirofilaria. It is a zoonotic filarial nematode that commonly impacts dogs, however, human infection can occur through affected organs like skin, lung and eyes [1]. Although, there have been case reports of...
Detection If you screen for an intraocular tumour, dilate the pupil. If the patient is driving, use phenylephrine only. If the patient declines, document this in the casenotes. Don’t forget to look for sentinel vessels, which would indicate a ciliary...
See also Simulated ocular surgery - strabismus surgery and Simulated ocular surgery: pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling surgery This is the first of a series of articles that will have three aims. Firstly, to demonstrate why simulated ocular surgery...
Transcriptomics is defined as the analysis of the complete set of RNA transcripts present in a cell under different circumstances, quiescent versus challenge, by microarray analysis. Comparison of transcriptomes identifies genes that are differentially expressed in different cell populations under...
The ocular surface (OS) is an anatomical and functional unit made of the tear film, the conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium, the lacrimal, mucous and meibomian glands and the lids and blink reflex. The tear film is composed of a...